Bibliographie indicative – Justice transitionnelle

  • N. Aboueldahab, Transitional Justice and the Prosecution of Political Leaders in the Arab Region : A Comparative Study of Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Yemen, Hart Publishing, 2017
  • N. Aboueldahab, « Taking Stock : Tunisia’s Transitional Justice », African Yearbook on International Humanitarian Law, 2017, pp. 98-108.
  • K. Ahadzi-Nonou, « Questions autour de l’instauration de la commission « Vérité, justice et réconciliation » (CVJR) au Togo. Entretien », Afrique contemporaine, 2014/2 (n° 250), pp. 91-102.
  • I. Al-Marashi & A. Keskin, « Reconciliation Dilemmas in Post-Ba’athist Iraq: Truth Commissions, Media and Ethno-sectarian Conflicts », Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2008, pp. 243–259. [Abstract : Based on field work conducted in post-Ba’ath Iraq, as well as a study of official statements, print and broadcast media and insurgent communiqués and interviews with proponents of truth and reconciliation in post-war Iraq, this article examines attempts to create a truth and reconciliation committee to settle differences and tensions between former members of the party and communities affected by its collective policies. It shows that in 2003 the Coalition Provisional Authority failed to endorse plans based on the South African model. Instead, it embarked on a policy of de-Ba’athification which eventually fed into the insurgency. Since then, the Arab League and Prime Minister Maliki have launched attempts to foster national reconciliation. The article argues that these initiatives failed because the idea of reconciliation from the outset was tied to greater political dynamics]
  • Rosario G. Algora, « Advancing Reproductive Justice in Latin America through a Transitional Justice Lens », Michigan Journal of Gender & Law, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2022, pp. 155-194.
  • N. Alici, « Learning from Civil Society Actors in Turkey : Using Transitional Justice in an Ongoing Conflict », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2024, pp. 250– 266 (https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijae015)
  • T. Allen, «The International Criminal Court and the Invention of Traditional Justice in Northern Uganda », Politique africaine, n° 107, pp. 147-166.
  • H. Among, «The Application of Traditional Justice Mechanisms to the Atrocities Committed by Child Soldiers in Uganda: A Practical Restorative Justice Approach », African Human Rights Law Journal, Vol. 13, 2013, pp. 441-463.
  • K. Andrieu, La justice transitionnelle. De l’Afrique du Sud au Rwanda, Paris, Gallimard, coll. Folio essais, 2012, 671 p.
  • K. Andrieu & G. Lauvau (dir.), Quelle justice pour les peuples en transition ? Démocratiser, réconcilier, pacifier, Presses de l’Université Paris-Sorbonne, 2014, 402 p.
  • J. Aparac, « Business, Human Rights, and Transitional Justice : Overcoming the Regulatory Dysfunction of International Law », Global Business Law Review, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2022, pp. 24-57.
  • M. Arenhövel, « Democratization and transitional Justice », Democratization, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2008, pp. 570–587 (http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13510340801991114) [Abstract : Any country which attempts to establish accountability for past abuses of human rights during the process of democratization faces political, judicial, and ethical problems. With regard to politics, the question of which transitional justice measures are appropriate, functional, and feasible has to be decided for every individual case. A judicial approach has to decide which judicial standards to apply and how to justify prosecution. Finally, the ethical dilemmas of dealing with historical injustices have to be understood. There are no ready-made concepts to define guilt and justice. In many cases it is even difficult to tell the victims from the perpetrators. This study examines the different strategies subsumed under the term transitional justice used by emerging democracies to deal with a legacy of human rights abuses. It explores the problems and challenges posed by different mechanisms of reconciliation and societal reintegration. While existing analyses of the contribution that transitional justice measures make to the process of social re-integration stress the importance of consensus among citizens and social groups for the emergence of trust and solidarity, this study suggests also thinking about how conflicts over competing truths can help to build social capital and reconciliation. Noting a global diffusion of international legal norms, which means at least formal universal acceptance of basic rights and judicial procedures, it is argued that international justice cannot be a substitute for transitional justice measures taken by the domestic regime itself]
  • A. Armstrong, G. Ntegeye, « The Devil is in the Details: The Challenges of Transitional Justice in Recent African Peace Agreements », African Human Rights Law Journal, Vol. 6, 2006, pp. 1-25, p. 1 et s.
  • V. Arnould, The Politics of Transitional Justice and Peacebuilding : The Case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, London, Routledge, 2015
  • S. Arrazola, « Transitional Criminal Procedures from the International Criminal Law Perspective », GLOSSAE: European Journal of Legal History, Vol. 18, 2021, pp. 13-38.
  • N.R. Arriaza, « Punishment, Redress and Pardon: Theoretical and Psychological Approaches », in Impunity and Human Rights in International Law and Practice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995
  • E. Asaala & N. Dicker, «Transitional Justice in Kenya and the UN Special Rapporteur on Truth and Justice: Where to from Here ? », African Human Rights Law Journal, Vol. 13, 2013, pp. 324-355.
  • M.J. Aukerman, « Extraordinary Evil, Ordinary Crime: A Framework for Understanding Transitional Justice », Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 15, 2002, pp. 39–97.
  • K. Bard, « The Difficulties of Writing the Past Through Law – Historical Trials Revisited at the European Court of Human Rights », Revue international de droit pénal, Vol. 81, No. 1, 2010, pp. 27-45.
  • E. Barkan, The Guilt of Nations : Restitution and Negotiating Historical Injustices, 2000
  • E. Barkan, « Restitution and Amending Historical Injustices in International Morality », in J. Torpey (ed.), Politics and the Past : On Repairing Historical Injustices, Lanham, Rowman and Littlefield, 2003, pp. 91–102.
  • J. Barsalou, « ‘The Walls Will Not Be Silent’ : A Cautionary Tale About Transitional Justice and Collective Memory in Egypt », in Transitional Justice in the Middle East and North Africa, 2017,  pp. 187-207.
  • M Barth, L’Enfer guatémaltèque 1960–1996 : Le rapport de la Commission « Reconstitution de la mémoire historique », CCFD-Karthala, 2000
  • E. Baumgartner, B. Hamber, B. Jones, G. Kelly & I. Oliveira, « Documentation, Human Rights and Transitional Justice », Journal of Human Rights Practice, Vol. 8, No 1, 2016, pp. 1–5 (https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huw002)
  • C. Bell, C. Campbell & F. Nı Aoláin, « Transitional Justice: (Re) Conceptualising the Field », International Journal of Law in Context, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2007, pp. 81 ss.
  • T. Bell, & D.B. Ntsebeza, Unfinished Business: South Africa, Apartheid, and Truth, New York, Verso, 2003
  • C. Bell & C. O’rourke, « Does Feminism Need a Theory of Transitional Justice ? An Introductory Essay », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 1, 2007, pp. 23-44.
  • M. Ben-Josef-Hirsch, « Agents of Truth and Justice : Truth Commissions and the Transitional Justice Epistemic Community », in V. Heins and D. Chandler (eds.), Rethinking Ethical Foreign Policy: Pitfalls, Possibilities and Paradoxes, London: Routledge, 2007, pp. 184–205.
  • J. Benomar, « Confronting the Past : Justice after Transitions », J. Democ., jan. 1993
  • L. Bickford, « transitional Justice », MacMillan Encyclopedia of Genocide and crimes against humanity, MacMillan Reference USA, Vol. 3, 2004, pp. 1045-1047.
  • A. Biletzki, « Peace-Less Reconciliation », in A. MacLachlan & A. Speight (eds.), Justice, Responsibility and Reconciliation in the Wake of Conflict, Springer, Netherlands, 2013 (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5201-6_3)
  • N. Bjelakovic, « Reconciliation, Truth, and Justice in the Post-Yugoslav States », Southeast European Politics, Vol. 2–3, 2002, pp. 163–176.
  • R. Boast, « The Waitangi Tribunal and Transitional Justice », Human Rights Research Journal, Vol. 4, 2006, pp. 1-13.
  • J. Booth, « Communities of Memory : On Identity, Memory, and Debt », Am. Pol. Sci. Rev., Vol. 93, 1999, p. 249 et s.
  • P.C. Bornkamm  , Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts: Between Retribution and Reparation, Oxford University Press, 2012
  • K. Boyle, « Reconceptualizing Socio-Economic Rights in the Transitional Justice Discipline », Law, Social Justice and Global Development Journal, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2016, pp. 1–11.
  • J. Bracka, Transitional Justice for Israel/Palestine : Truth-Telling and Empathy in Ongoing Conflict, Cham, Springer, 2021
  • E. Brahm, « Uncovering the Truth: Examining Truth Commission Success and Impact », International Studies Perspectives, 2007, No. 8, pp. 16-35.
  • D. Bronkhorst, Truth and Reconciliation: Obstacles and Opportunities for Human Rights, Amsterdam, Amnesty International, 1995
  • B. Browne, « Transitional Justice : The Case of Palestine », in C. Lawther, L. Moffett & D. Jacobs (eds.), The International Handbook on Transitional Justice, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017, pp. 488–507.
  • A. Bryson & K. McEvoy, « Human Rights Activism and Transitional Justice Advocacy in Northern Ireland », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2023, pp. 453–469 (https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijad022)
  • S. Buckley-Zistel et al. (eds), Transitional Justice Theories, Routledge, 2014

  • N. Camilo-Sanchez & K. Naranjo-Velasco, « Institutional Design and Transitional Justice : An Analysis of Columbia’s Land Restitution Policy », Revista Derecho del Estado, Vol. 57, 2023, pp. 225-258.
  • C. Campbell & F. Ni Aolain, « Local Meets Global – Transitional Justice in Northern Ireland », Fordham International Law Journal, Vol. 24, 2003, pp. 1201-1223.
  • C. Campbell, F. Ni Aolain & C. Harvey, « The Frontiers of Legal Analysis : Re-Framing the Transition in Northern Ireland », Modern Law Review, Vol. 66, No. 3, 2003, pp. 17-45.
  • B. Cassin, O. Cayla, P.-J. Salazar (dir.), Vérité, réconciliation, réparation, Paris, Seuil, Le genre humain, 2004, 362 p.
  • A. Chakravarty, Investing in Authoritarian Rule. Punishment and Patronage in Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts for Genocide Crimes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Studies in Law and Society, 2016
  • A.R. Chapman, P. Ball, « The truth of Truth Commissions: Comparative Lessons from Haiti, South Africa, and Guatemala », Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 23, 2001, pp. 1-43.
  • Christian C. Cirhigiri, « Toward a Transitional Justice Approach to Long-Term Protection of Civilians in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) », Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2025, pp. 5–19. [Abtract : Violent conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo have been devastating for civilians, and the human rights violations suffered by victims have long-lasting effects. The need for both short and long-term responses is crucial. However, current literature and policy recommendations focus too narrowly on short-term results, neglecting the underlying causes that threaten everyday civilian protection. To broaden the paradigm of protecting civilians, it is necessary to balance prioritization and sequencing of interventions so that the civilian protection system is not spread too thin. Research conducted between May and October 2021, based on 20 interviews with humanitarian and transitional justice actors in Kinshasa and victim groups in Goma, examines how transitional justice can recast three dimensions of the protection of civilians under the humanitarian toolkit: (1) accountability for affected civilians, (2) decolonization, and (3) community-based approaches towards a long-term goal]
  • H. Citrawan, « Transitional (In)Justice as Duration », Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights, Vol. 6, No. 1, June 2022, p. 101 et s.
  • P. Clark, The Gacaca Courts. Post-Genocide Justice and Reconciliation in Rwanda. Justice Without Lawyers. London, Cambridge University Press, 2010
  • P. Clark, « Bringing the Peasants back in, again : State Power and Local Agency in Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts », Journal of Eastern African Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2014, pp. 193–213.
  • D. Clenaghan, « A Barrier to Transitional Justice : Critique of the Northern Ireland Troubles (Legacy and Reconciliation) Bill 2022 », Trinity College Law Review, Vol. 26, 2023, pp. 12-37.
  • S. Cohen, « State Crimes of Previous Regimes: Knowledge, Accountability and the Policing of the Past », Law and Social Inquiry, Vol. 20, No. 1, 1995, pp. 7–50.
  • I. Cohn, « The protection of Children and the Quest for Truth and Justice in Sierra Leone », Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 55, n° 1, 2001, pp. 1-34.
  • A. Corey & S. Joireman, « Redistributive Justice: The Gacaca Courts in Rwanda », African Affairs, Vol. 103, 2004, pp. 73-89.
  • J. Corntassel & C. Holder, « Who’s Sorry Now ? Government Apologies, Truth Commissions and Indigenous Self-determination in Australia, Canada, Guatemala and Peru», Human Rights Review, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2008, pp. 465–489
  • M. Crettol & A.-M. La Rosa, « The Missing and Transitional Justice : The Right to Know and the Fight against Impunity », International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 88, No. 862, 2006, pp. 355-362. [Abstract : Any body or institution dealing with the missing persons issue will interact in one way or another with transitional justice proceedings, if only to examine the possibility of sharing relevant information gathered. The question becomes even more acute when international tribunals intervene in the national context where transitional justice mechanisms are operating. The authors look at the ways in which transitional justice mechanisms may support the right of families to know the fate of their relatives, and how work to resolve the missing persons issue can be reconciled with an effective fight against impunity]
  • David A. Crocker, « Transitional Justice and International Civil Society : Toward a Normative Framework », Constellations, Vol. 5, 1998, p. 492 et s.

  • H.F. Dahl, « Dealing with the Past in Scandinavia : Legal Purges and Popular Memories of Nazism and World War II in Denmark and Norway 1945 », In J. Elster (ed.), Retribution and Reparation in the Transition to Democracy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 147–164.
  • E. Daly & J. Sarkin, « Too Many Questions, Too Few Answers : Reconciliation in Transitional Societies », Columbia Human Rights Law Review, Vol. 35, No. 3, 2004, pp. 101–164.
  • Alexandra B. De Brito, C. Gonzalez Enriquez & P. Aguilar (eds), The Politics of Memory and Democratization, Oxford, 2001 [Abstract : The book explores how new democracies face an authoritarian past and past human rights violations, and the way in which policies of truth and justice shape the process of democratization. Eighteen countries in Central and South America, Central, Eastern and South Europe and South Africa are analysed in detail. The main variables affecting the implementation of truth and justice policies (purges, truth commissions and trials, among other policies) are: the balance between old and new regime forces; the availability of institutional, human and financial resources, the nature of the ideological preferences and commitments of the elites in question; the mobilization of social groups pressing in favour of these policies; and the importance of human rights in the international arena. The duration and degree of institutionalization of dictatorship is also important. A prolonged dictatorship makes it harder for a new democracy to implement truth and justice policies, particularly when repression occurred in the distant past and if repression gained social complicity. The magnitude and methods of repression used against opposition forces in the dictatorship also shape transitional truth and justice: torture, assassination, and disappearances and clandestine repression in general (as in Central and South America, South Africa) require a different response to official institutionalized ‘softer’ repression (as in Portugal, Spain and Eastern Europe). The findings indicate that, with hindsight, there appears to be no direct relation between the implementation of policies of backward-looking truth and justice and the quality of new democracies. Democracy is just as strong and deep in Spain, Hungary and Uruguay, where there was no punishment or truth telling, as it is in Portugal, the Czech Republic or Argentina, which experienced purges and trials. However, such policies are justified not merely on instrumental grounds, but also for ethical reasons, and they symbolize a break with a violent, undemocratic past]
  • P. De Greiff, « Theorizing Transitional Justice », Transitional Justice, Vol. 51, 2012, pp. 31-77.
  • D. Djokic, « The Second World War II : discourses of reconciliation in Serbia and Croatia in the late 1980s and early 1990s », Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2002, pp. 127–140.
  • M. Drumbl, « Restorative Justice and Collective Responsibility: Lessons For and From the Rwandan Genocide », Contemporary Justice Reviews, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2002, pp. 5-22.
  • M.A. Drumbl & M.S. Denov, « The Practice of Secreting Among Children Born of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Northern Uganda : Lessons for Transitional Justice », International Criminal Law Review, 2026, pp. 1–28.
  • A. Du Toit, « La commission Vérité et Réconciliation sud-africaine », Politique africaine, décembre 2003, n° 92, p. 98 et s.
  • R. Dudai, « A Model for Dealing with the Past in the Israeli-Palestinian Context », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2007, pp. 249–267. [Cité biblio Palestine-Israël — Abstract : This article explores the potential applicability of transitional justice ideas to the Israeli–Palestinian context. I argue that given the particularities of the Israeli–Palestinian setting, truth and reconciliation would be an essential component of peacemaking even though this is an inter-societal conflict which will likely be resolved only through separation into two states. Nevertheless, the interstate nature creates challenges to the application of common transitional justice mechanisms. In response to these challenges I offer a model based on an incremental process of narrow mechanisms throughout a long process of transition, rather than one high-profile all-encompassing mechanism in the post-conflict stage. I also suggest that in addition to issues to be explored jointly by the two societies, such as refugees, prisoner release and compensation for victims of violence, there could also be internal truth and reconciliation processes within each society. Finally, this model is premised on an important role for civil society initiatives]
  • R. Dudai & H. Cohen, « Dealing with the Past When the Conflict is Still Present : Civil Society Truth-Seeking Initiatives in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict », in R. Shaw & L. Waldorf (eds.), Localizing Transitional Justice : Interventions and Priorities after Mass Violence, Stanford University Press, 2010
  • J. Dugard, « Is the Truth and Reconciliation Process compatible with International Law? The Unanswered question », South African Journal of Human Rights, 1997, p. 264 et s.

  • M. Eastmond, « Introduction : Reconciliation, Reconstruction, and Everyday Life in War-Torn Societies », Focaal, Vol. 57, 2010, p. 12 et s. (https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2010.570101)
  • M. Eastmond & J.M. Selimovic, « Silence as Possibility in Postwar Everyday Life », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2012, pp. 502–524 (https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijs026)
  • N. Eisikovits, « I am the Enemy you Killed, My Friend : Rethinking the Legitimacy of Truth Commissions », Metaphilosophy, Vol. 37, No. 3-4, 2006, pp. 489-514.
  • N. Eisikovits, « Transitional Justice », in E.N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Spring 2009 Edition
  • S. Ellis, « Vérité sans réconciliation en Afrique du Sud », Critique internationale, vol. 5. 1999, Mémoire, justice et réconciliation, pp. 125-137.
  • J. Elster, Closing the Books. Transitional Justice in Historical Perspective, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004
  • C. Emeziem, « A Time for Just Reckoning ? Temporality, Law, and Transitional Justice in Changing Societies », Loyola Journal of Public Interest Law, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2021, pp. 66-104.
  • S. Essomba, « Quelle complémentarité entre la justice transitionnelle et la justice pénale internationale ? », Revue internationale de droit pénal, Vol. 84, n° 1, 2013, pp. 181-204. DOI 10.3917/ridp.841.0181
  • M. Eudes, « La justice transitionnelle (Commissions dites “vérité et réconciliation” », in Ascensio H., Decaux E., Pellet A. (dir.), Droit international pénal, Deuxième édition révisée, Paris, Pedone, 2012, 1280 p., 593-601.
  • Maduka A. Ewuzie, « Social Justice, Federal Character and Transitional Justice in Nigeria : The Necessity for Legal Compromise », Law and Social Justice Review, Vol. 3, No. 1, January 2022, pp. 18-21.

  • Laurel E. Fletcher & Harvey M. Weinstein, « How Power Dynamics Influence the “North-South” Gap in Transitional Justice », Berkeley Journal of International Law, Vol. 36, 2018, p. 190 et s.
  • M. Freeman, Truth Commissions and Procedural Fairness, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006
  • R. Friedman, Competing Memories. Truth and Reconciliation in Sierra Leone and Peru, Cambridge University Press, 2017
  • M. Futamura, War Crimes Tribunals and Transitional Justice: The Tokyo Trial and the Nuremburg Legacy, New York, Routledge, 2007

  • G. Gahima, Transitional Justice in Rwanda: Accountability for Atrocity. Routledge, 2013
  • L. Garcia Martin, « Corporate Accountability in Transitional Justice : Insights from the Case of Argentina », Revista Espanola de Derecho Internacional, Vol. 72, No. 1, January-June 2020, pp. 81-100.
  • James L. Gibson, « Does Truth Lead to Reconciliation ? Testing the Causal Assumptions of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Process », American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 48, No. 2, 2004, pp. 201–217 (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00065.x)
  • J. Gisel, « Lessons Learned : A Successful and Balanced Framework for Post-Conflict Transitional Justice in Myanmar », University of Dayton Law Review, Vol. 46, No. 3, 2021, pp. 293-324.
  • D. Golan-Agnon, « Between Human Rights and Hope : What Israelis Might Learn from the Truth and Reconciliation Process in South Africa », International Review of Victimology, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2010, pp. 31–48.
  • R.J. Goldstone, « Justice as a Tool for Peace-making : Truth Commissions and International Criminal Tribunals », New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, Vol. 28, 1995, p. 485 et s.
  • T. Govier, Forgiveness and Revenge, London: Routledge, 2002
  • K. Greenwalt, « Amnesty’s Justice », in R. Rothberg and D. Thompson (eds.), Truth v. Justice: The Morality of Truth Commissions, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2000, 189–210.
  • Aeyal M. Gross, « The Constitution, Reconciliation, and Transitional Justice : Lessons from South Africa and Israel », Stanford journal of international law, Vol. 40, No. 1, 2004, p. 47-104.
  • E. Guematcha, Les Commissions Vérité et les violations des droits de l’homme et du droit international humanitaire, Paris, Pedone, 2014, 628 p.
  • A. Guglielmucci, « Memory and Transitional Justice : Past Political Violence as a Public Issue in Buenos Aires, Argentina », Estudios de Derecho (Law Studies), Vol. 2022, No. 173, January-June 2022, pp. 140-169.
  • A. Guichaoua, « Le primat de la justice d’exception au Rwanda : Tribunal pénal international et justice populaire Gacaca », Études interculturelles, Vol. 8, 2014, pp. 95-108.
  • Y. Gutman, « Transcultural Memory in Conflict : Israeli-Palestinian Truth and Reconciliation », Parallax, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2011, pp. 61– 74 (https://doi.org/10.1080/13534645.2011.605580)
  • A. Gutmann & D. Thompson, « The Moral Foundations of Truth Commissions », in R. Rothberg and D. Thompson (eds.), Truth v. Justice: The Morality of Truth Commissions, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2000, pp. 22–44.
  • M. Hamilton, « Transitional Justice in an Age of Legal Pluralism », in J.-F. Flauss (ed.), La protection internationale des droits de l’homme et les droits des victimes, Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2009, pp. 165-193.
  • L. Harbour, « Economic and social justice for Societies in transition », New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, Vol. 40, 2007-2008, pp. 1-28.
  • S. Haugbolle, « Imprisonment, Truth Telling and Historical Memory in Syria », Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2008, pp. 261–276. [Abstract : This article explores narratives of imprisonment in Syria and the implication of public narration of incarceration in the Arab Middle East more broadly. Since the late 1990s, ‘victim tales’ of Syrian political prisoners have become part of a counterculture against the present regime which calls for political reforms, an independent judiciary, free media and free and fair elections. This new focus on individual victimization corresponds to a trend in Arab countries, where political actors use the victim’s tale to de-legitimate the postcolonial state’s monopoly over violence. The article situates this conflict between post-colonial nationalism and post-modern individualism at the heart of current contentions over the meaning and legality of the Arab state, democratization, punishment and truth and reconciliation]
  • S. Haugbolle, & A. Hastrup, « Introduction: Outlines of a New Politics of Memory in the Middle East », Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2008, pp. 133–149. [Abstract : While the historical trajectories of emergent attempts to deal with legacies of political violence in the Arab Middle East differ widely, certain commonalities can help us understand this new field across the region. On the one hand, evidence presented in this volume suggests that grassroots movements have to some extent succeeded in ending the politics of pretence and denial that long dominated Arab states. On the other hand, particular political groupings and media monopolize discourses of a universally applicable process of truth and reconciliation in a way that consciously makes use of international idioms, but effectively obfuscates other aspects of social and political justice and reform]
  • Priscilla B. Hayner, « Fifteen truth commissions, 1974 to 1994, a comparative study », Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1994, pp. 597-655.
  • Priscilla B. Hayner, Unspeakable Truths : Transitional Justice and the Challenge of Truth Commissions, New York: Routledge, 2001
  • Priscilla B. Hayner, « Truth Commissions : A Schematic Overview », International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 88, No. 862, 2006, pp. 295-310. [Abstract : Numerous truth commissions of different types are being created around the world. The purpose of this schematic overview is to study the variety and to sketch out the differences and similarities between the different truth commissions established since the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa launched in 1995]
  • Priscilla B. Hayner, Unspeakable Truths : Transitional Justice and the Challenge of Truth Commissions, Routledge, 2010
  • P. Hazan, « Mesurer l’impact des politiques de châtiment et de pardon : plaidoyer pour l’évaluation de la justice transitionnelle », RICR, vol. 88, n° 861, 2006, pp. 1-24.
  • P. Hazan, Juger la guerre, juger l’histoire. Du bon usage des commissions vérité et de la justice transitionnelle, Paris, PUF, 2007, 252 p.
  • P. Hazan, Judging War, Judging History : Behind Truth and Reconciliation, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2010
  • L. Hilal, Transitional Justice Responses to Palestinian Dispossession : Focus on Restitution, New York, International Center for Transitional Justice, 2012 (https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Brookings-Displacement-Palestine-CaseStudy-2012-English.pdf)
  • T. Hill, « 1948 after Oslo : Truth and Reconciliation in Palestinian Discourse », Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2008, pp. 151–170. [Cité biblio Palestine-Israël — Abstract : The failure of the Oslo Accords has been widely attributed to its exclusion of issues of truth and reconciliation from the political process. As a result, the period since the Accords has witnessed a resurgence of the status of memory in Palestinian discourse, manifested in increasing commemorations of the Palestinian nakba and oral history projects. The article examines this upsurge of memory and ‘truth and reconciliation’ as political idioms in the discourse of Palestinian intellectuals, historians and civil society organizations. It examines the key means whereby the public acknowledgement of Palestinian and Israeli collective memories of violence in 1948 have been increasingly cast as preconditions for the endurance of any political order. It argues that the most sustainable Palestinian truth and reconciliation discourse is that which calls both for Israel to acknowledge responsibility for the creation of the refugee problem and for Palestinians to actively engage with the means whereby Israelis might be brought to recognize the necessity of an apology for it]
  • F. Hourquebie, « La notion de ‘justice transitionnelle’ a-t-elle un sens ? », in Actes du 7ème Congrès français de droit constitutionnel, 25-27 septembre 2008 (sur droitconstitutionnel.org)
  • J. Hughes & D. Kostovicova, « Introduction : Rethinking Reconciliation and Transitional Justice after Conflict », Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 41, No. 4, 2018, pp. 617–623.
  • M. Humphrey, « From Victim to Victimhood : Truth Commissions and Trials as Rituals of Political Transition and Individual Healing », Australian Journal of Anthropology, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2003, pp. 171–187.
  • L. Huyse, « Justice after Transitions: On the Choices Successor Elites Make in Dealing with the Past », in Neil J. Kritz (ed.), Transitional Justice: How Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes, 1995, p. 104 et s.
  • B. Ingelaere, « Les juridictions gacaca au Rwanda », in Justice traditionnelle et réconciliation après un conflit violent : La richesse des expériences africaines, Stockholm, International IDEA, 2009
  • V. Kakra, « Transitional Justice : Challenges and Solutions », Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2021, pp. 1-15.
  • Serges D. Kamga & T. Zwart, « Gacaca and Judiyya Transitional Justice : Uncovering the Merits of African Indigenous Justice Sytems with the help of the Receptor Approach to Human Rights », in F. Viljoen et al. (eds.), Exploring African approaches to international law. Essays in honour of Kéba Mbaye, Pretoria University Law Press, 2022, p. 211 et s.
  • D. Kaminer, D.J. Stein, I. Mbanga & N. Zungu-Dirwayi, « The Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa : Relation to Psychiatric Status and Forgiveness among Survivors of Human Rights Abuses », British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, 2001, pp. 373–377.
  • M. Kamto, « Les enjeux de la justice et de la paix dans les situations de conflit et post conflit », in C. Mottet et Ch. Pout (dir.), La justice transitionnelle : une voie vers la réconciliation et la construction d’une paix durable,
  • M. Kamto, « Brèves considérations sur la justice transitionnelle », in C. R. Majinge (éd.), Rule of Law through Human Rights and International Criminal Justice. Essays in Honour of Adama Dieng, Cambridge, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015, pp. 445-454.
  • Y. Kapshuk, « Transitional Justice in the Israeli–Palestinian Negotiations : What can be Learned from the Colombian Case ? », Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2019, pp. 73–78 (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1542316619832682)
  • Y. Kapshuk, « Audience Responses to Grassroots Transitional Justice : The Streets of Jaffa Project », The International Journal of Transitional Justice, 2026, pp. 1-18 [Abstract : This study examines grassroots transitional justice through the Streets of Jaffa project, which commemorates erased Palestinian street names within a deeply divided and asymmetrical political context. Drawing on field research with Jewish and Palestinian residents, the analysis shifts attention from civil society’s intentions to audience responses as key indicators of how bottom-up transitional justice initiatives are received and contested under conditions of enduring ethnonational asymmetry. The findings reveal that these reactions are shaped by class, national identity and lived experiences of asymmetry, producing ambivalent outcomes that both challenge and reproduce existing power relations. The study contributes methodologically by analyzing a transitional justice project embedded in everyday urban life, exposing an entire population to acts of memory activism. While the research period precedes the events of October 7, 2023, the analysis remains relevant for understanding the persistence and limits of grassroots transitional justice in the profoundly altered reality that followed]
  • Y. Kapshuk & L. Strömbom, « Israeli Pre-Transitional Justice and the Nakba Law », Israel Law Review, Vol. 54, No. 3, 2021, pp. 305–323 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021223721000157)
  • Y. Kapshuk & L. Strömbom, « Israeli Pre-Transitional Justice and the Nakba Law – CORRIGENDUM », Israel Law Review, Vol. 55, No. 1, 2022, p. 104 et s.
  • R. Kedar & R. Dudai, « Imagined Law : Civil Society, Literature and Justice Critical Transitions in Israel », Theory and Criticism », Vol. 50 (50), 2018, pp. 371–390.
  • R. Khalidi, « Truth, Justice and Reconciliation : Elements of a Solution to the Palestinian Refugee Issue », in G. Karmi & E. Cotran (eds.), The Palestinian Exodus 1948–1998, Reading, Ithaca Press, 1999, pp. 221–241.
  • N. Khoury, « Transitional Justice in Palestine/Israel: Whose Justice ? Which Transition ? », in L. Farsakh (ed.), Rethinking Statehood in Palestine : Self-Determination and Decolonization beyond Partition, 2021, pp. 153–172.
  • Serge M. Kiela, « La justice transitionnelle, vecteur du droit à réparation des victimes des crimes internationaux », in La responsabilité́ du juriste face aux manifestations de la crise dans la société́ contemporaine : un regard croisé autour de la pratique du droit par le Professeur Auguste Mampuya, 2018, pp. 1021-1067.
  • K. Klep, « Tracing Collective Memory : Chilean Truth Commissions and Memorial Sites », Memory Studies, Vol. 5, No. 3, 2012, pp. 259–269 (https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698012441299)
  • S. Koko, « The tensions between Power Sharing, Justice and Human Rights in Africa’s ‘post-Violence’ Societies: Rwanda, Kenya and the Democratic Republic of the Congo », African Human Rights Law Journal, Vol. 13, 2013, pp. 254-280.
  • S. Koko, « Implementing Transitional Justice in Post-Transition Central African Republic: What Viable Options ? », African Human Rights Law Journal, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2021, pp. 954-984.
  • R.K. Koude, « La Commission vérité et réconciliation en Afrique du Sud: entre droit, politique et traditions ancestrales », Etudes interculturelles, Vol. 8, 2014, pp. 61-78.
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  • S. Kumar, « Transitional Justice : Dimensions & Implications », Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research, Vol. 4, 2022, pp. 1-8.

  • V. Ladisch & C. Yakinthou, « Cultivated Collaboration in Transitional Justice Practice and Research : Reflections on Tunisia’s Voices of Memory Project », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2020, pp. 80–101 (https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijz037)
  • L.J. Laplante, « The plural justice aims of reparations », Transitional justice, Vol. 3, 2017, pp. 231-248.
  • C. Lawther & L. Moffett (eds.), Research Handbook on Transitional Justice, Second edition, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2023
  • S. Lefranc, Après le conflit, la réconciliation ?, Paris, Houdiard, 2006
  • S. Lefranc, Comment sortir de la violence ? Enjeux et limites de la justice transitionnelle, Paris, CNRS Éditions, 2022
  • R. S Leiby, « The Case for Rage in Transitional Justice : Lessons from the Anti-Racist Struggle », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Volume 18, No. 1, 2024, pp. 18–31. [Abstract : Transitional justice theorizing has the tendency to smuggle in an over-reliance on dualities: one’s resentment can give rise to either vengeance or forgiveness, but not both; one can either be fueled by anger or by the hope of progress, but not both; and so on. This dualistic way of thinking replicates the kinds of false dichotomies that hamstring other societal movements, among them the struggle against racism. Drawing on Myisha Cherry’s case for so-called ‘Lordean rage’ within the context of the anti-racist movement, I make the case that transitional justice in general would be well-served by centering the transformative power of emotion (even and especially when that emotion defies oversimplified and strict categorization)]
  • M. Leiner & F. Ferrari (eds.), Encountering the Suffering of the Other : Reconciliation Studies Amid the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Göttingen, 2023
  • R. Lemarchand, « Managing Transition Anarchies: Rwanda, Burundi, and South Africa in Comparative Perspective », J. Mod. Afr. Stud., Vol. 32, 1994
  • J. Lincoln, Transitional Justice, Peace and Accountability Outreach and the Role of International Courts after Conflict, London and New York, Routledge Francis& Francis Group, 2011
  • J. Loyo Cabezudo, « Transitional Justice : Some Reflections around a Misunderstood Notion », Spanish Yearbook of International Law (SYbIL), Vol. 25, 2021, pp. 70-92.
  • A. Madhukumar, « Transitional Justice to Conflict Justice – Assessing Diplomatic Mechanisms for Peaceful Resolution of Internal Armed Conflicts », ISIL Year Book of International Humanitarian and Refugee Law, Vol. 22, 2022, pp. 93-117.
  • L. Mallinder, « Can Amnesties and International Justice be Reconciled ? », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2007, pp. 208–230. [Abstract : When states are attempting to recover from periods of serious human rights abuse, they often must try to reconcile the competing demands of different stakeholders. These demands may range from claims that complete impunity is a necessary sacrifice to achieve peace, to the belief that without justice no meaningful peace can be reached. This paper will attempt to highlight the ways in which international courts and quasi-judicial bodies address the dilemma of peace versus justice, in relation to amnesty laws. The discussion will consider the main international standards on impunity, the international jurisprudence relating to amnesties and whether international courts should recognize amnesties that are accompanied by alternative forms of justice. This paper will argue that international courts should recognize amnesties that are introduced with democratic approval to promote peace and reconciliation, provided that they are accompanied by mechanisms to fulfil the victims’ rights]
  • A. Martin (dir.), La mémoire et le pardon : les commissions de la vérité et de la réconciliation en Amérique latine, 2009
  • A. Massagee, « Beyond Compensation : Reparations, Transitional Justice, and the Palestinian Refugee Question », in R. Brynen & R. El-Rifai (eds.), Compensation to Palestinian Refugees and the Search for Palestinian-Israeli Peace, London, Pluto Press, 2013, pp. 282–307.
  • Chenai G. Matshaka, Civil Society Narratives of Violence and Shaping the Transitional Justice Agenda in Zimbabwe, Rowman & Littlefield, 2022
  • J.B. Mbokani, « L’expérience sud-africaine de la justice transitionnelle : la réalité confirme-t-elle le mythe ? », in C. Maia, J.-F. Akandji-Kobé & J.-B. Harelimana (dir.), L’apport de l’Afrique à la justice internationale pénale, Paris, L’Harmattan, 2018, p. 207 et s.
  • A. James McAdamas (ed.), Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies, 1997
  • P. McAuliffe, « Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law: The Perfect Couple or Awkward Bedfellows? », Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2010
  • Emily H. McCarthy, « South Africa’s Amnesty Process: A Viable Route Toward Truth and Reconciliation? », Mich. J. Race & L., Vol. 3, 1997
  • K. McEvoy, « Beyond Legalism : Towards a Thicker Understanding of Transitional Justice », Journal of Law and Society, Vol. 34, No. 4, 2007, pp. 411–440. ( http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-6478.2007.00399) [Abstract : The field of transitional justice is increasingly characterized by the dominance of legalism to the detriment of both scholarship and practice. The first part of the paper examines what is meant by legalism and its consequences in the field through a number of overlapping themes: “legalism as seduction”, the “triumph” of human rights, and the tendency towards “seeing like a state”. The second part considers a number of correctives to such leanings which are analysed as encouraging legal humility, exploring the human rights as development axis, and finally developing a criminology of transitional justice. As law’s place at the heart of transition from conflict is now secure, the time is right for a more honest appraisal of the limitations of legalism and a correspondingly greater willingness to countenance the role of other non-legal actors and forms of knowledge. “Letting go of legalism” will both thicken the subject and deliver more effective change on the ground]
  • K. McEvoy & L. McGregor, Transitional Justice from Below :Grassroots Activism and the Struggle for Change, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2008
  • A. Megwalu, N. Loizides, « Dilemmas of Justice and Reconciliation: Rwandans and the Gacaca Courts », RADIC, Vol. 18, 2010, pp. 1-23.
  • J. Meierhenrich, Alexander L. Hinton & L. Douglas (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Transitional Justice. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2025
  • D.F. Meledje, « La Commission Dialogue, Vérité et Réconciliation (CDVR) en Côte d’Ivoire », Études interculturelles, Vol. 8, 2014, pp. 79-94.
  • J. Méndez, « Constitutionalism and Transitional Justice », in M. Rosenfeld & A. Sajó (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012, 1, pp. 270–86.
  • S. Michalowski, Corporate Accountability in the Context of Transitional Justice, Routledge, 2013, 280 p.
  • G. Millar, « Assessing Local Experiences of Truth-Telling in Sierra Leone : Getting to “Why” through a Qualitative Case Study Analysis », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2010, pp. 477–496 (https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijq017)
  • M. Minow, Between Vengeance and Forgiveness, Boston, Beacon, 1998
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  • N. Montez, Memory, Transitional Justice, and Theatre in Postdictatorship Argentina, Southern Illinois University Press, 2017
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  • M. van Munster & J. van Wijk, « Angola’s Reconciliation Commission CIVICOP: Delayed Transitional Justice in a Non-Transitional Authoritarian Context », The International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2025, pp. 425–42. [Abtract : This article analyzes the work of CIVIC established in Angola in 2019 to honor victims of political conflicts during the civil war (1975–2002). Drawing on academic sources, media publications and interviews with stakeholders, it scrutinizes the timing, character and functioning of this transitional justice mechanism. CIVICOP can be considered a delayed transitional justice initiative in a non-transitional authoritarian context. Despite limited accomplishments, it has largely failed to achieve its goal of healing families’ psychological wounds and fostering national reconciliation. Factors contributing to its shortcomings include an overly ambitious mandate, excessive government control, political polarization, poor communication and selective truth-seeking. The article contributes to the literature by showing how CIVICOP, like other transitional justice mechanisms in authoritarian contexts, reinforces existing power structures and marginalizes broader victim populations, complicating efforts toward reconciliation and meaningful truth-finding in illiberal settings]
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  • Y. Naqvi, « The right to the Truth in International Law : fact or fiction? », International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 88, 2006, No. 862, pp. 245-273. [Abstract : The right to the truth has emerged as a legal concept at the national, regional and international levels, and relates to the obligation of the state to provide information to victims or to their families or even society as a whole about the circumstances surrounding serious violations of human rights. This article unpacks the notion of the right to the truth and tests the normative strength of the concept against the practice of states and international bodies. It also considers some of the practical implications of turning “truth” into a legal right, particularly from the criminal law perspective]
  • E.T. Navodariu, « Objectives of Criminal Justice in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Context of the Implementation of Transitional Justice Institutions as a Factor of National Reconciliation », Studii Juridice Universitare (SJU), Vol. 2021, No. 1, 2021, pp. 167-177.
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  • Lydia A. Nkansah, « Justice within the Arrangement of the Special Court for Sierra Leone versus Local Perception of Justice: A Contradiction or Harmonious? », African Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol. 22, Issue 1, 2014, pp. 103-119.
  • Lydia A. Nkansah, « The Dance of Truth and Justice in Postconflict Peacebuilding in Sierra Leone », African Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol. 23, Issue 2, 2015, pp. 199-225.
  • N. Nkurunziza, « Les dimensions et les dynamiques régionales et internationales de la justice transitionnelle au Burundi : proposition de création d’un organe de droit pénal international au sein de la Communauté Est-Africaine », Revue québécoise de droit international, vol. 1-1, hors-série, décembre 2017
  • M. Nuseibeh, Forced Displacement in the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict, International Law and Transitional Justice, London, University of Westminster, 2013
  • J. O’Connell, « Transitional Justice as Communication : Why Truth Commissions and International Criminal Tribunals Need to Persuade and Inform Citizens and Leaders, and How They Can », South Carolina Law Review, Vol. 73, No. 1, Autumn 2021, pp. 101-174.
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  • Obiora C. Okafor & U. Ngwaba, « The International Criminal Court as a “Transitional Justice” Mechanism in Africa : Some Critical Reflections, International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 9, 2015, pp. 90-108.
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  • L.M. Olson, « Provoking the Dragon on the Patio Matters of Transitional Justice : Penal Repression vs. Amnesties », International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 88, 2006, No. 862, pp. 275-294. [Abstract : This article modestly seeks to address some of the various matters related to transitional justice and focuses on whether penal repression for violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law must be insisted upon in all situations, or if there are cases where other action, in particular amnesties, would be more appropriate to ensure national reconciliation or the peaceful development of a country. Dilemmas clearly exist in responding to such choices, calling for the ability to maintain a judicious balancing act between competing important interests, including the most basic decision of whether or not to provoke the dragon on the patio]
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  • E. Pajibo, « Civil Society and Transitional Justice in Liberia : A Practitioner’s Reflection from the Field », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 1, No 2, 2007, pp. 287–296. [Abstract : Liberia presents an important opportunity for civil society, national government and the international community to cooperate in rebuilding a post-conflict country in a way that addresses the essential and elemental basis for building a just and durable peace. In other words, the country is poised to be a potential ‘success story,’ one that could set new trends in how African people negotiate a post-conflict coexistence on the basis of shared values, popular participation and economic and social justice. The role of civil society in particular in this process of reconstruction, and specifically issues of transitional justice, is central to ensuring that policies have broad input amongst the Liberian population, all of whom have been directly impacted by the war. This article outlines the country’s trajectory from conflict to peace, the challenges of addressing the crimes of the past, the risks to newly established democratic institutions posed by a truncated or incomplete transitional justice program and the role of Liberian civil society both broadly in a newly democratic Liberia as well as specifically in regards to the establishment and functioning of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission]
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  • Leandro M. Penas, « Towards an Extensive Conceptualization of Transitional Law : Contributions from the History of Law », GLOSSAE : European Journal of Legal History, Vol. 18, 2021, pp. 2-12.
  • Ignacio G. Perotti Pinciroli, « Foreign Relations Law, Comparative International Law, and the Role of National Courts in Transitional Justice : The Cases of Argentina and Spain », ACDI – Anuario Colombiano de Derecho Internacional (Colombian Yearbook of International Law), Vol. 16, 2023, pp. 1-62.
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  • P. Pham & P. Vinck, « Empirical Research and the Development and Assessment of Transitional Justice Mechanisms », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 1, No 2, 2007, pp. 231–248. [Abstract : In this paper, we demonstrate different methods of empirical research available to transitional justice practitioners and scholars. Guidelines on how to conduct research in the field of transitional justice are outlined on the basis of the principles of monitoring and evaluation for decision making, program development and policy development. We argue that such methods offer policy makers a systematic way to consult a population and construct a comprehensive view of what this population has experienced (e.g., violations), what they know (e.g., knowledge of various transitional justice mechanisms), what they believe in (e.g., definition of justice) or what they need (e.g., accountability). Such knowledge is essential for developing effective evidence-based transitional justice programs]
  • X. Philippe, « Les solutions alternatives et complémentaires à la justice pénale internationale : la justice transitionnelle exercée à travers les commissions vérité et réconciliation », in X. Philippe, D. Viriot-Barrial (dir), L’actualité de la justice pénale internationale, Aix-en-Provence, Presses universitaires d’Aix-Marseille, 2008, pp. 131-141.
  • D. Philpott, Religion, Reconciliation, and Transitional Justice: The State of the Field, New York: Social Science Research Council Working Papers, 2007
  • M. Pinto, « Dealing with the Past – Democracies and Victim’s Struggle to Deal with Gross Human Rights Violations », in J.-F. Flauss (dir), La protection internationale des droits de l’homme et les droits des victimes, Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2009, pp. 111-127.
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  • M. Popkin & N. Roht-Arriaza, « Truth as Justice : Investigatory Commissions in Latin America », Law and Society Inquiry, Vol. 20, 1995, pp. 79 ss.
  • E. Posner & A. Vermeule, « Transitional Justice as Ordinary Justice », Harvard Law Review, Vol. 117, 2004, pp. 777-825.
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  • P. Ricoeur, « Avant la justice non violente, la justice violente », in B. Cassin, O. Cayla & P.-J. Salazar (dir.), Vérité, réconciliation, réparation, Paris, Seuil, Le genre humain, 2004, pp. 159-171.
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  • V. Roman, « From Apology to Action : A Comment on Transitional Justice in the United States and Canada », Maryland Journal of International Law, Vol. 37, 2022, pp. 122-158.
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  • N. Roth-Arriaza & J. Mariezcurrena (eds.), Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century. Beyond Truth versus Justice, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006, 360 p.
  • R. Rothberg & D. Thompson, (eds.), Truth v. Justice: The Morality of Truth Commissions, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2000
  • N. Rouhana, « Group Identity and Power Asymmetry in Reconciliation Processes : The Israeli-Palestinian Case », Peace and Conflict : Journal of Peace Psychology, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2004, pp. 33–52.
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  • J. Sarkin, « The Necessity and Challenges of Establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Rwanda », Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 21, 1999, pp. 767-823.
  • J. Sarkin, « The Tension between Justice and Reconciliation in Rwanda », Journal of African Law, Vol. 45, No. 2, 2001
  • J. Sarkin, « The Role of the International Criminal Court in Reducing Massive Human Rights Violations such as Enforced Disappearances in Africa : Towards developing Transitional Justice Strategies », Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2011, pp. 130-142.
  • T. Savage, & Institute for Security Studies (South Africa), « In quest of a Sustainable Justice: Transitional Justice and Human Security in the Democratic Republic of the Congo », ISS paper, 130 Pretoria, Institute for Security Studies, 2006
  • William A. Schabas, S. Darcy (eds.), Truth Commissions and Courts. The Tension between Criminal Justice and the Search for Truth, Reprinted from Criminal Law Forum, Vol. 15, Nos. 1-2, 2004, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004
  • William A. Schabas, « Genocide Trials and Gacaca Courts », JICJ, Vol. 3, 2005, pp. 879-895.
  • William A. Schabas, « La relation entre les Commissions Vérité et les poursuites pénales : le cas de la Sierra Leone », in Ascencio H., Lambert-Abdelgawad E., Sorel J.-M. (dir.), Les juridictions pénales internationales (Cambodge, Kossovo, Sierra Leone, Timor Leste), Société de législation de droit comparé, Paris, 2006, pp. 209-240.
  • L. Schneider, « Reparation of State Crimes in Argentina : From Transitional Justice to Reparatory Practices », Estudios de Derecho (Law Studies), vol. 2023, no. 175, January-June 2023, pp. 7-33.
  • Joyce H. Scott, « Reparations, Restitution, and Transitional Justice : American Chattel Slavery & Its Aftermath, a Moral Debate Whose Time Has Come », Wisconsin International Law Journal, Vol. 39, No. 2, 2022, pp. 269-300.
  • A. Sehmi, « Legacies of Colonial Violence in Contemporary Transitional Justice: Memories of Mau Mau, the ‘Kapenguria Six’ and the ‘Ocampo Six’ in Kenya », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Volume 18, Issue 1, March 2024, pp. 32–48. [Abstract : This article assesses the enduring impact of colonial violence in responses to modern conflict by transitional justice mechanisms. It presents an example of how societies continue to be structured by racial and colonial injustice and how this influences contemporary transitional justice. This is done through an analysis of the popular memory of the Mau Mau insurgency from 1952 to 1960 in Kenya, the trial of the six Kenyan nationalists known as the ‘Kapenguria Six’ by the British colonial administration and the trials of six Kenyans alleged to be most responsible for orchestrating the 2007–2008 post-election violence in Kenya, known as the ‘Ocampo Six’ before the International Criminal Court (ICC). In the Kenyan context, the influence of memories of colonial violence enabled the promotion of political agendas and arguably coloured public debate surrounding the two Kenya cases before the ICC. Transitional justice mechanisms such as the ICC do not operate in an ahistorical vacuum and international criminal trials as a form of transitional justice may be contested where there is no genuine accountability, redress or reparations for victims of colonial crimes. However, the juxtaposition of colonial crimes and the ICC prosecutions in Kenya also raises important questions relating to accountability for historical crimes in former colonies, the temporal limitations of transitional justice mechanisms and their unequal application]
  • P. Seils, « The Place of Reconciliation in Transitional Justice International Center for Transitional Justice », 2017 (https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Briefing-Paper-Reconciliation-TJ-2017.pdf)
  • E. Sentama, « Transitional Justice and Redress for Racial Injustices against Marginalized Minorities: Lessons from Indigenous Twa People in Post-Genocide Rwanda », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Volume 18, No. 1, March 2024, Pages 66–83. [Abstract : This article addresses the question of how countries respond to racial injustices through transitional justice. It draws on the case of Rwanda and explores the experiences of the marginalized indigenous Twa minorities with transitional justice implemented after the 1994 genocide through the National Unity and Reconciliation Commission and Gacaca courts. The lessons from Rwanda highlight the limitations of transitional justice in providing redress for racial injustices of marginalized minorities when it is practised within an authoritarian political context. The article discusses how the transitional justice approach in Rwanda contributed to the construction of a flawed record of the past and marginalized the racial realities of Rwandans by imposing an official historical narrative. It was also used as a tool of the government to negate racial injustices against the most marginalized communities of Twa people but also to preserve racial injustices and human rights violations against them by denying their ethnic identity and indigenous way of life]
  • A. Sesay, « The Legacy of the Special Court for Sierra Leone : Balancing Different Transitional Justice Elements to Ensure Accountability for Atrocity Crimes », FIU Law Review, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2021, pp. 87-90.
  • D. Sharpe, « Interrogating the Peripheries : The Preoccupations of Fourth Generation Transitional Justice », Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2013, pp. 149–178.
  • Dustin N. Sharp, Rethinking Transitional Justice for the Twenty-First Century : Beyond the End of History, Cambridge University Press, 2019
  • R. Shaw, Rethinking Truth and Reconciliation Commissions : Lessons from Sierra Leone, United States Institute of Peace, 2005
  • R. Shaw, « Memory Frictions: Localizing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Sierra Leone », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 1, No 2, 2007, pp. 183–207. [Abstract : This paper concerns the frictions of engagement when transitional justice mechanisms are implemented in local contexts. My focus is the practice of truth-telling as part of a global paradigm of redemptive memory. I first trace the genealogy of this paradigm, examining how it came to appear ‘natural’ and ‘universal.’ Second, I explore struggles over memory that ensued when Sierra Leone’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) assertively promoted this paradigm in a region in which alternative memory techniques reflected popular priorities in an unstable context of ‘no peace, no war.’ These struggles were rooted not only in the contested content of memories, but also in a perceived incommensurability between contrasting memory projects believed to have divergent implications for processes of reconstruction. Finally, I examine the significance of reparations both for local practices of post-war memory and for the local effectiveness of the TRC]
  • R. Shaw & L. Waldorf, « Introduction : Localizing Transitional Justice », in R. Shaw & L. Waldorf (eds), Localizing Transitional Justice : Interventions and Priorities after Mass Violence, Stanford University Press, 2010, pp. 3–26.
  • R. Shaw & L. Waldorf (eds), Localizing Transitional Justice : Interventions and Priorities after Mass Violence, Stanford University Press, 2010
  • D. Short, « When Sorry isn’t Good Enough : Official Remembrance and Reconciliation in Australia », Memory Studies, Vol. 5, No. 3, 2012, pp. 293–304 (https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698012443886)
  • R. Sifris, « The Four Pillars of Transitional Justice: A Gender-sensitive Analysis », in Joseph S. and Mcbeth A. (eds.), Research Handbook on International Human Rights Law, Cheltenham & Northampton, Edward Elgar, 2010, 596 p., 272-298.
  • Matiangai V.S. Sirleaf, « Beyond Truth and Punishment in Transitional Justice », Virginia Journal of International Law, Vol. 54, No. 2, 2014, pp. 223–294.
  • Matiangai V.S. Sirleaf, « The Truth About Truth Commissions : Why They Do Not Function Optimally in Post-Conflict Societies », Cardozo Law Review, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2014, pp. 2263–2347.
  • Matiangai V.S. Sirleaf, « Palestine as a Litmus Test for Transitional Justice », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2024, pp. 162–188. [Abstract : We are currently witnessing another sustained and significant mobilization of people across the globe, coming on the heels of the racial justice uprising of 2020. This postscript of the International Journal for Transitional Justice’s (IJTJ) Special Issue on Race, Racism and Transitional Justice reflects on whether transitional justice as a field can offer meaningful avenues for rectifying past and ongoing racial injustices, by examining the concrete and pressing example of Palestine. It argues that transitional justice has never fully grappled with the ‘question’ of Palestine, which was a live one at its birth and remains a live one today. It concludes that it is an open question whether the appeal of transitional justice to the rule of law and universal principles in the current international context can be divorced from how the rule of law operates in practice and how it selectively applies to racialized others]
  • Matiangai V.S. Sirleaf & E. Tendayi Achiume, « Reflecting on Race, Racism and Transitional Justice », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Volume 18, No. 1, 2024, pp. 1–17. [Abstract : Following the racial justice uprisings of 2020, our world order continues to reel from the consequences of the systemic racism that is the product of colonial projects past and present. In this introduction to the International Journal for Transitional Justice’s (IJTJ) Special Issue on Race, Racism and Transitional Justice, we ruminate on key disciplinary critiques of the bounds of transitional justice. We analyze the IJTJ’s record of addressing race and racism, relying on data from a coding project of almost all its publications. We find that the explicit discussion and engagement with race and racism has been wanting in the Journal. This volume helps us to consider what it would mean for the field to begin to take race, racism and racial justice seriously. Our hope is that it will help catalyze the remembering, exposing and reimagining of the role of race and racism in transitional justice and beyond]
  • I. Sokolíc, « Claims to Ignorance as a Form of Participation in Transitional Justice », Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 58, No. 1, 2023, pp. 102–128 (https://doi.org/10.1177/00108367221090111)
  • E. Song, « Just Reparations for Korean “Comfort Women” : A Transitional Justice and International Law Perspective », Journal of Korean Law, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2021, pp. 373-412.
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  • L. Stan, « The Problem of “Competing Pasts” in Transitional Justice », Annals of the Ovidius University of Constanta – Political Science Series, Vol. 10, 2021, pp. 7-24.
  • E. Stover & Harvey M. Weinstein (eds.), My Neighbor, my Enemy. Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, Cambridge University Press, 2004
  • H. Strang, Repair or Revenge : Victims and Restorative Justice, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002
  • D. Sullivan & L. Tifft, Handbook of Restorative Justice. A Global Perspective, London and New York, Routledge, 2006
  • A.K. Sumaili, « From Ambitions to Actions : Assessing New Transitional Justice Institutions in DRC », KAS African Law Study Library – Librairie Africaine d’Etudes Juridiques : Librairie Africaine d’Etudes Juridiques, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2026, pp. 75-87.
  • L.S. Sunga, « Ten Principles for Reconciling Truth Commissions and Criminal Prosecutions », in Doria J., Gasser H.-P., Cherif Bassiouni M. (eds.), The Legal Regime of the International Criminal Court. Essays in Honour of Professor Igor Blishenko, International Humanitarian Law Series, Vol. 19, Leiden/Boston, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2009, pp. 1071 ss.
  • R. Teitel, Transitional Justice, New York, Oxford University Press, 2000
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  • Oskar N.T. Thoms, J. Ron & R. Paris, « State-Level Effects of Transitional Justice : What do we Know ? », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2010, pp. 329–354 (https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijq012)
  • E.A. Tiemessen, « After Arusha: Gacaca justice in post-genocide Rwanda », African Studies Quarterly, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2004
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  • R. Uprimny Yepes, « Transformative Reparations of Massive Gross Human Rights Violations: Between Corrective and Distributive Justice », Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, Vol. 27, No. 4, 2009, pp. 625-647.
  • P. Uvin, « Difficult Choices in the New Post-Conflict Agenda: The International Community in Rwanda after the Genocide », Third World Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2001, pp. 177-189.
  • P. Uvin, « Western and Local Approaches to Justice in Rwanda », Global Governance, Vol. 9, 2003, pp. 219-231.
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  • B. Van Roemund, « Rubbing Off and Rubbing On : The Grammar of Reconciliation », in E. Christodouldis & S. Veitch (eds.), Lethe’s Law : Justice, Law and Ethics in Reconciliation, 2001, p. 183 et s.
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  • O. Yiftachel, « Israeli Society and Jewish-Palestinian Reconciliation : “Ethnocracy” and its Territorial Contradictions », Middle East Journal, Vol. 51, No. 4, 1997, pp. 505–519. [Abstract : This article argues that Israel’s settlement and socio-economic policies have caused internal ethnic and class divisions that now threaten the prospects of Jewish-Palestinian reconciliation. Furthermore, the association of peace primarily with the interests of Israel’s economic and cultural elites has alienated most peripheral groups, particularly the Mizrahi and Haredi Jews. Therefore, the current efforts to arrive at territorial compromise with the Palestinians find Israel in a deep identity and socio-political crisis caused by the consequences of the state’s ‘ethnocratic’ regime. The crisis is born of the surfacing of an overt contradiction, for the first time in Israel’s history, between two major Zionist goals: territorial expansion and economic growth. This contradiction, and its associated ethnic and class tensions are likely to create obstacles to the ongoing efforts to advance Jewish-Palestinian reconciliation]
  • Hakeem O. Yusuf, « Travails of Truth : Achieving Justice for Victims of Impunity in Nigeria », International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol. 1, No 2, 2007, pp. 268–286. [Abstract : Following its transition to democracy from an authoritarian military rule marked by gross violations of human rights, Nigeria established the Human Rights Violations Investigations Commission (HRVIC) in 1999. This paper critically examines the contributions of the HRVIC, popularly known as the ‘Oputa Panel,’ to the field of transitional justice and the rule of law. It sets out the process of establishing the Commission, its mandate and how this mandate was interpreted during the course of the Commission’s work. The challenges faced by the Oputa Panel, particularly those that relate to its legal status and relationship with the judiciary, are analyzed in an attempt to draw useful guidelines from these challenges for other truth commissions. Recourse by powerful individuals to the judicial process in a bid to shield themselves from the HRVIC merits particular review as it raises questions regarding the transformation of the judiciary and the rule of law in the wake of an authoritarian regime]
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